Simple examples of memory leaks in java

Giving examples of memory leaks in Java is one the most frequent questions in job interviews. Below is a huge list of simple memory leaks examples, some are collected from my previous class notes, some are collected from the internet.







Example 1: Unclosed connections
 
try {
    Connection connection  = ConnectionFactory.getConnection();
    //Code your stuff
} catch (Exception e) {
    //Print the exception
}
Example 2: Unclosed streams
 
try {
    //Have an input file "inputFile"
    Filereader filereader = new FileReader(inputFile);
    BufferedReader bufferedreader = new BufferedReader(filereader);
    //Code you stuff
} catch (Exception e) {
    //Print the exception

}
Example 3: Unreachable code from JVM garbage collector
 This doesn't need any code to explain, any memory created through native methods could work. 
Example 4: The implementation of ArrayList.remove()
 public E remove(int index) {
    RangeCheck(index);

    modCount++;
    E oldValue = (E) elementData[index];

    int numMoved = size - index - 1;
    if (numMoved > 0)
        System.arraycopy(elementData, index + 1, elementData, index,
                numMoved);
    elementData[--size] = null;

    return oldValue;
}
Example 5: A cool example from Eclipse.
public class StringLeaker
{
    private final String muchSmallerString;

    public StringLeaker()
    {
        // Imagine the whole Declaration of Independence here
        String veryLongString = "We hold these truths to be self-evident...";

        // The substring here maintains a reference to the internal char[]
        // representation of the original string.
        this.muchSmallerString = veryLongString.substring(0, 1);
    }
}
Example 6: Using the java method intern() on a large java String
String str="A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string. A very large string."

//Calling intern
str.intern();
Example 7: Using a final static to hold an object reference!
class JavaProblemsClass {
    static final ArrayList arrayList = new ArrayList (959);
}
Example 8: Using a HashSet with an incorrect hashCode() or equals() [src]
class BadKey {
   // no hashCode or equals();
   public final String key;
   public BadKey(String key) { this.key = key; }
}

Map map = System.getProperties();
map.put(new BadKey("key"), "value"); // Memory leak even if your threads die.


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